留学文书中PS是最重要的一部分,也是AO在查阅你申请时候最感兴趣的一部分。而PS的开头决定着他能否把兴趣延续下去,显然,一个糟糕的开头基本上宣告了PS的失败。
有同学问我你在做招生助理的时候看PS都是怎么看的,你觉得什么样的PS才是优秀的PS?简单说,能引起我兴趣,让我有耐心浏览完的PS就是好的PS(开头的重要性)。在我进入留学行业,参与创建admitwrite这个品牌之初,我们就更乐于留下那些对文书作品要求始终严格的留学生导师。不仅仅是学生满意了就OK了,我们最终是要呈现给招生官的,文书导师得站在招生人员的角度去审视自己给学生写/改的文书。他自己心里要有一个非常高的标准。
开头当然重要,但俗话说,万事开头难。很多学生都写不好一个开头,要么容易陷入浮夸,要么太过平淡。类似的情况其实非常多,我随便举个案例,去年我们有个学生,某大学EE本科,在互联网公司做了两年开发,由于接触到的领域和理念较本科阶段的教学内容更为实用,也更新潮,所以希望申请加拿大英属哥伦比亚大学ECE的硕士,兴趣是机器学习。
他在我们admitwrite平台购买了文书修改服务,其初稿的开头就非常平淡。PS是要展现个性的,平庸的开头很难让人读下去。
Before:
My definition of a true engineer’s mission is to extract the wisdom from technology advancement and turn it into practical solutions. It has gradually become my calling and guided me through life endeavors since college. As an EE engineer and project manager over the past two years, I have devoted myself in applying programming skills and machine learning techniques into resolving complicated problems.
可以看到,修改前的开头信息完整,但是语言平淡(句式、用词普通),有语法错误(devote 连接两组动名词导致搭配混乱,且逻辑不清),如果简历也是一般情况,那肯定是不会吸引招生官的注意的。简历格式千变万化,不变的就是体现个人的客观、综合能力,而PS则是展现个性的舞台,如果选择一个平庸的开头,也就是自愿放弃了竞争的门票。
After:
Over time I have been mulling over whether to prioritize one’s liking or strong suit in terms of choosing a lifelong career, should the two be mutually exclusive or do not coalesce. Considering maximizing contribution to social productivity, I vote for the latter. Fortunately, I do not need to repress my passion as I possess equal fondness and experiences regarding electrical and computer engineering, and I deem the pursuit of it both my gusto and calling. Funny thing is, the more one understands, the more one confuses and yearns to push further. My current professional level does not meet the standard I have set for myself, and I aspire to explore further into machine learning algorithms and industrial applications.
我们的导师修改后的开头增加了一段个人对能力和兴趣的理解,以及自述对选择专业的热情。这一点其实很难,当表现地过于狂热(而学术水平并不高),只会让人觉得功利心太重;当不突出自己的学术热情只是平淡描述事件,会让文章缺乏张力,降低可读性。其实PS很多时候考验的都是这种度的把握,而这恰恰又是很多同学缺乏经验的地方。
修改后的开头类似独白,可以迅速在招生官与学生之间建立一个沟通频道,立意角度选好,会引起招生官的强烈兴趣。同时在语言上做了提升,增加高级用词和句式。虽然没有直接提到两年的工作经历,但是文中“professional”一词即可起到相同的作用。处理之后的PS完全凸显了文章重点和语言功力。
其实从这一小段的处理,大家就可以看出我们的导师在修改学生PS的时候的思路。我相信在整个留学行业里,文书老师能做到如此专业的机构绝对不多,更别说那些传统中介,用流水线作业“量产”的PS。
早在几年前,我们就已经开始把文书服务进行更专业的细分。为了保证文书的质量,我们导师审核和考核都极其严格,现在我们平台500+的导师团队,都是“精挑细选”留下来的。留学生导师是我们平台的主体,这部分导师基本来自英美最顶尖的学校,代表着留学生中最优秀的那批人。而提供着文书修改润色服务的外籍导师,同样来自名校。不同类型的导师承担着不同的角色。比如留学生导师,往往负责文书写作,而且要和学生一个专业或者相近专业。这种从头到尾的全新创作,需要的是更懂学生,更懂专业的人。而外籍导师,由于语言的优势,更适合修改润色。我们一般也会建议使用修改服务的同学选择外籍导师。
我们之所以会进行这么细致的分工,是因为我们意识到一个问题,那就是一个导师再牛逼,也很难写或者改所有类型的同学的PS。只有让最合适的导师给学生写/改,才是效率最高的。
回到问题本身。
开头应该放在整体中去考虑,所以我绝对不会单独地给大家写一篇PS开头的攻略,而是教大家如何完整地写一篇优秀的PS。
记住一个重点:再好的想法如果不能被充分地表达出来也是枉然。
国外的教授一般只能从书面材料来对你的学识、人品和语言能力进行判断,而你也只能以书面的形式来表现 和证明你自己。你和他们之间唯一的媒介是写在纸上的文字。由于洋教授一般不爱读长篇大论,你的篇幅一般有限。
你必须使用一些写作技巧。
(1)详细解读申请学校的写作说明并了解问题的重点,不赘言,不遗漏,且在要求的字数内完成。例如学校要求五百字内完成(In 500 words or less discuss ...),则全文最好不要超过五百字。如果学校要求以问答方式来叙述 (Responses to essay questions, Please limit your response to one page.),即依其要求回答不长过一页。
(2)写作时应清楚明确。例如:"I am interested in English literature" 这句话表达不够清楚,而"I was concentrated on Milton and Shakespeare in college" 就明白的说出了申请人的志趣及研究范围。"I was very active as a student representative" 最好说明曾经做什么:"组织活动,主办演讲,沟通学生与校方意见等。"I am attracted to your department by its brilliant faculty."应说明教授的认知是从何而来,如在何处读到某教授的文章而愿受教于他,或某位教授正在从事一项重要研究,与自己欲攻读的研究领域相同等。表达对所申请之系的课程、教师和特性有些了解,依学校之不同而提及某位任教于该校的教授、新课程或该校的某个学位有兴趣。
(3)切忌把研究范围和计划限定到过于狭窄。例如:写非某一位教授的研究组不进或者非某一个具体问题不研究。
(4)不要用语意模糊的句子。例如 "Your esteemed school"应代以学校的名字。"I will return to serve my country"应明确的说出所要从事的到底是什么工作等。
(5)文章需要有一个明确的主题。不要离题,谈论一些不相干的事。需要考虑合理的围绕主题安排材料。多写你自己感兴趣的经历与研究问题。
(6)写一个引人入胜的开头--小故事,名人名言,或者有意思的场景或描述,而不要说一些成词滥调,如"I was born in.."或"My parents came from..."。结尾处记得呼应主题。
(7)文风可以适当幽默,但是不要太过。态度诚恳认真,不卑不亢。用积极的态度说明弱点,比如托福成绩不高等,但不能表现得过份自信。重要的是给学校一个专业,认真的印象。不能编造经历。
(8)不要抄袭,改写书上的样本文章。应详读学校的介绍,了解其要求,再对自己的学业背景、计划加以考虑,写出自己的风格。
(9)避免用深奥的字汇,尽量以简单容易的字来表达。检查英文的时态、性别及单多数等方面的错误。一般至少检查三遍,并请别人帮着一起看。可以自己用手机读一遍并录下来,回放听听是否有问题。成功的陈述从未偏离过“我是谁?”和“我能提供些什么?”这两个主题介绍自身,描述你作为有竞争力候选者的潜能。因此,将个人生涯中涉及主题的主要成就,转折点和大事件必须相应地着重突出,分析你的个人简历, 个人历史和记忆,将生涯中决定性事件单独突出。
建议分三个板块来写,不要追求华丽辞藻和长难句:
第一部分:背景介绍
第二部分:选择该校(该方向)的原因说明
第三部分:将来的留学研究规划
总之,真诚友善地说明自己的申请背景、优势、研究计划就好。
另外,我一直坚信好essay是改出来的,而非写出来的,建议大家重视对essay的反复修改。AO 没有太多时间来看一篇文章,每天要被无数篇世界各地的文章轰击,文字阅读的愉悦感一定可以帮助你的内容更易于被接受。所谓文字的愉悦感,在现代社会其实就是清爽,要有一定的幽默感但又不能太作,要有一定的写作技巧又不能太滑。原则上,清爽风趣的文字就是简洁有张力的。
针对简洁有一个小窍门:就是减少使用adj形容词,改用v动词。西方文化对动词的热爱简直无与伦比。
后期的修改需要注意的事项:
(1)内容核对是重中之重,查看是必须介绍而被你遗漏的地方;
(2)语言错误是关键,寻找英语过了专八的前辈,实在不行寻找一些便宜的网上机构协助核对审查一遍。也可以寻找英语专业的教师帮你查阅审核一遍。总之,要尽可能确保语言语法上不出现失误。
(3)以往的留学申请都是通过纸质媒介,国内早期的申请还会涉及到个人书法笔迹的问题,书法书写好的同学再材料审阅中会有相当大的优势。但目前多以email的方式发送申请材料,这样节约了材料成本和时间成本,方便大家被pass后能第一时间选择下家。无论是纸质材料还是电子版材料,保证材料的干净整洁、排版思路清晰,逻辑思维得体,不要出现杂乱无章的描述。另:如果你书法了得,可以尝试用书法写“自我陈述”,并扫面电子版,放入申请材料中加以说明。运气好的话是能够给你的留学申请加分的!
曾经有个非常厉害的学生叫Brittany Stinson,这个女孩儿被五所常春藤大学-耶鲁、哥伦比亚、宾夕法尼亚、达特茅斯、康奈尔以及斯坦福大学录取。斯坦福大学那一年的录取率是4.69%-比任何一所常春藤大学都低。Brittany Stinson在接受采访时说“我还在消化这个结果,我太兴奋了”。是什么让她被这几所名校青睐?Brittany Stinson自己的解释是:自己的文书。
下面是Brittany Stinson用来申请这些名校的Common App文书,给大家参考参考:
Some students have a background, identity, interest, or talent that is so meaningful they believe their application would be incomplete without it. If this sounds like you, then please share your story.
Managing to break free from my mother’s grasp, I charged. With arms flailing and chubbylegs fluttering beneath me, I was the ferocious two year old rampaging through Costco on a Saturday morning. My mother’s eyes widened in horroras I jettisoned my churro; the cinnamon? sugar rocket gracefully sliced its way through the air while I continued my spree. I sprinted through the aisles,looking up in awe at the massive bulk products that towered over me.Overcome with wonder, I wanted to touch and taste, to stick my head intoindustrial?sized freezers, to explore every crevice. I was a conquistador, butrather than searching the land for El Dorado, I scoured aisles for free samples. Before inevitably being whisked away into a shopping cart, Iscaled a mountain of plush toys and surveyed the expanse that lay before me:the kingdom of Costco.Notorious forits oversized portions and dollar? fifty hot dog combo, Costco is the apex of consumerism. From the days spent being toted around in a shopping cartto when I was finally tall enough to reach lofty sample trays, Costco hasendured a steady presence throughout my life. As a veteran Costco shopper,I navigate the aisles of foodstuffs, thrusting the majority of my weight upon agenerously filled shopping cart whose enormity juxtaposes my small frame.Over time, I’ve developed a habit of observing fellow patrons tote theircarts piled with frozen burritos, cheese puffs, tubs of ice cream, and weight?loss supplements.Perusing the aisles gave me time to ponder. Who needs three pounds of sourcream? Was cultured yogurt any more well?mannered than its unculturedcounterpart? Costco gave birth to my unfettered curiosity. While enjoying an obligatory hot dog, I did not find myself thinking about the ‘allbeef’ goodness that Costco boasted. I instead considered finitudes andinfinitudes, unimagined uses for tubs of sour cream, the projectile motionof said tub when launched from an eighty foot shelf or maybe when pushed from aspeedy cart by a scrawny seventeen year old. I contemplated thephilosophical: If there exists a thirty?three ounce jar of Nutella, do wereally have free will? I experienced a harsh physics lesson while observing ashopper who had no evident familiarity of inertia's workings. With a cartfilled to overflowing, she made her way towards the sloped exit,continuing to push and push while steadily losing control until the cartescaped her and went crashing into a concrete column, 52” plasma screen TVand all. Purchasing the yuletide hickory smoked ham inevitably led to aconversation between my father and me about Andrew Jackson’s controversiality.There was no questioning Old Hickory’s dedication; he was steadfast in hisbeliefs and pursuits – ualities I am compelled to admire, yet his moralswere crooked. We both found the ham to be more likeable–and tender.
I adopted my exploratory skills, fine tuned by Costco, towards my intellectual endeavors.Just as I sampled buffalo?chicken dip or chocolate truffles, I probed therealms of history, dance and biology, all in pursuit of the ideal cart–oneoverflowing with theoretical situations and notions both silly and serious.I sampled calculus, cross?country running, scientific research, all ofwhich are now household favorites. With cart in hand, I do what scares me;I absorb the warehouse that is the world. Whether it be through attemptingaerial yoga, learning how to chart blackbody radiation using astronomicalsoftware, or dancing in front of hundreds of people, I am compelled to tryany activity that interests me in the slightest. My intense desire to know, to explore beyond the bounds of rational thought; this is whatdefines me. Costco fuels my insatiability and cultivates curiosity withinme at a cellular level. Encoded to immerse myself in the unknown, I findit difficult to complacently accept the “what”; I want to hunt for the “whys”and dissectthe “hows”. In essence, I subsist on discovery.
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(文书版权归原作者所有,转来仅供学习参考)